"""
The core wrapper assembles the submodules of iTransformer imputation model
and takes over the forward progress of the algorithm.
"""

# Created by Wenjie Du <wenjay.du@gmail.com>
# License: BSD-3-Clause

import torch
import torch.nn as nn

from ...nn.functional import nonstationary_norm, nonstationary_denorm
from ...nn.modules import ModelCore
from ...nn.modules.loss import Criterion
from ...nn.modules.saits import SaitsLoss, SaitsEmbedding
from ...nn.modules.transformer import TransformerEncoder


class _iTransformer(ModelCore):
    def __init__(
        self,
        n_steps: int,
        n_features: int,
        n_layers: int,
        d_model: int,
        n_heads: int,
        d_k: int,
        d_v: int,
        d_ffn: int,
        dropout: float,
        attn_dropout: float,
        ORT_weight: float,
        MIT_weight: float,
        apply_nonstationary_norm: bool,
        training_loss: Criterion,
        validation_metric: Criterion,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.n_layers = n_layers
        self.n_features = n_features
        self.ORT_weight = ORT_weight
        self.MIT_weight = MIT_weight
        self.apply_nonstationary_norm = apply_nonstationary_norm

        self.saits_embedding = SaitsEmbedding(n_steps, d_model, with_pos=False, dropout=dropout)
        self.encoder = TransformerEncoder(
            n_layers,
            d_model,
            n_heads,
            d_k,
            d_v,
            d_ffn,
            dropout,
            attn_dropout,
        )
        self.output_projection = nn.Linear(d_model, n_steps)

        # apply SAITS loss function to iTransformer on the imputation task
        self.training_loss = training_loss
        if validation_metric.__class__.__name__ == "Criterion":
            # in this case, we need validation_metric.lower_better in _train_model() so only pass Criterion()
            # we use training_loss as validation_metric for concrete calculation process
            self.validation_metric = self.training_loss
        else:
            self.validation_metric = validation_metric

    def forward(
        self,
        inputs: dict,
        calc_criterion: bool = False,
    ) -> dict:
        X, missing_mask = inputs["X"], inputs["missing_mask"]

        if self.apply_nonstationary_norm:
            # Normalization from Non-stationary Transformer
            X, means, stdev = nonstationary_norm(X, missing_mask)

        # WDU: the original Informer paper isn't proposed for imputation task. Hence the model doesn't take
        # the missing mask into account, which means, in the process, the model doesn't know which part of
        # the input data is missing, and this may hurt the model's imputation performance. Therefore, I apply the
        # SAITS embedding method to project the concatenation of features and masks into a hidden space, as well as
        # the output layers to project back from the hidden space to the original space.
        input_X = torch.cat([X.permute(0, 2, 1), missing_mask.permute(0, 2, 1)], dim=1)
        input_X = self.saits_embedding(input_X)

        # Transformer encoder processing
        enc_output, _ = self.encoder(input_X)
        # project the representation from the d_model-dimensional space to the original data space for output
        reconstruction = self.output_projection(enc_output)
        reconstruction = reconstruction.permute(0, 2, 1)[:, :, : self.n_features]

        if self.apply_nonstationary_norm:
            # De-Normalization from Non-stationary Transformer
            reconstruction = nonstationary_denorm(reconstruction, means, stdev)

        # replace the observed part with values from X
        imputed_data = missing_mask * X + (1 - missing_mask) * reconstruction

        # ensemble the results as a dictionary for return
        results = {
            "imputation": imputed_data,
            "reconstruction": reconstruction,
        }

        if calc_criterion:
            X_ori, indicating_mask = inputs["X_ori"], inputs["indicating_mask"]
            if self.training:  # if in the training mode (the training stage), return loss result from training_loss
                # `loss` is always the item for backward propagating to update the model
                loss, ORT_loss, MIT_loss = self.training_loss(reconstruction, X_ori, missing_mask, indicating_mask)
                results["ORT_loss"] = ORT_loss
                results["MIT_loss"] = MIT_loss
                # `loss` is always the item for backward propagating to update the model
                results["loss"] = loss
            else:  # if in the eval mode (the validation stage), return metric result from validation_metric
                results["metric"] = self.validation_metric(reconstruction, X_ori, indicating_mask)

        return results
