"""
Reference: https://github.com/hustvl/LightningDiT/blob/main/transport/transport.py
"""

import enum

import numpy as np
import torch as th
from scipy.stats import norm

from . import path
from .integrators import ode, sde


def mean_flat(x):
    """
    Take the mean over all non-batch dimensions.
    """
    return th.mean(x, dim=list(range(1, len(x.size()))))


class ModelType(enum.Enum):
    """
    Which type of output the model predicts.
    """

    NOISE = enum.auto()  # the model predicts epsilon
    SCORE = enum.auto()  # the model predicts \nabla \log p(x)
    VELOCITY = enum.auto()  # the model predicts v(x)


class PathType(enum.Enum):
    """
    Which type of path to use.
    """

    LINEAR = enum.auto()
    GVP = enum.auto()
    VP = enum.auto()


class WeightType(enum.Enum):
    """
    Which type of weighting to use.
    """

    NONE = enum.auto()
    VELOCITY = enum.auto()
    LIKELIHOOD = enum.auto()


class Transport:
    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        model_type,
        path_type,
        loss_type,
        train_eps,
        sample_eps,
        use_cosine_loss=False,
        use_lognorm=False,
        partitial_train=None,
        partial_ratio=1.0,
        shift_lg=False,
    ):
        path_options = {
            PathType.LINEAR: path.ICPlan,
            PathType.GVP: path.GVPCPlan,
            PathType.VP: path.VPCPlan,
        }

        self.loss_type = loss_type
        self.model_type = model_type
        self.path_sampler = path_options[path_type]()
        self.train_eps = train_eps
        self.sample_eps = sample_eps
        self.use_cosine_loss = use_cosine_loss
        self.use_lognorm = use_lognorm
        self.partitial_train = partitial_train
        self.partial_ratio = partial_ratio
        self.shift_lg = shift_lg

    def prior_logp(self, z):
        """
        Standard multivariate normal prior
        Assume z is batched
        """
        shape = th.tensor(z.size())
        N = th.prod(shape[1:])
        _fn = lambda x: -N / 2.0 * np.log(2 * np.pi) - th.sum(x**2) / 2.0
        return th.vmap(_fn)(z)

    def check_interval(
        self,
        train_eps,
        sample_eps,
        *,
        diffusion_form="SBDM",
        sde=False,
        reverse=False,
        eval=False,
        last_step_size=0.0,
    ):
        t0 = 0
        t1 = 1
        eps = train_eps if not eval else sample_eps
        if type(self.path_sampler) in [path.VPCPlan]:

            t1 = 1 - eps if (not sde or last_step_size == 0) else 1 - last_step_size

        elif (type(self.path_sampler) in [path.ICPlan, path.GVPCPlan]) and (
            self.model_type != ModelType.VELOCITY or sde
        ):  # avoid numerical issue by taking a first semi-implicit step

            t0 = eps if (diffusion_form == "SBDM" and sde) or self.model_type != ModelType.VELOCITY else 0
            t1 = 1 - eps if (not sde or last_step_size == 0) else 1 - last_step_size

        if reverse:
            t0, t1 = 1 - t0, 1 - t1

        return t0, t1

    def sample_logit_normal(self, mu, sigma, size=1):
        # Generate samples from the normal distribution
        samples = norm.rvs(loc=mu, scale=sigma, size=size)

        # Transform samples to be in the range (0, 1) using the logistic function
        samples = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-samples))

        # Numpy to Tensor
        samples = th.tensor(samples, dtype=th.float32)

        return samples

    def sample_in_range(self, mu, sigma, target_size, range_min=0, range_max=0.5):
        samples = []
        while len(samples) < target_size:
            generated_samples = self.sample_logit_normal(mu, sigma, size=target_size)
            filtered_samples = generated_samples[
                (generated_samples >= range_min) & (generated_samples <= range_max)
            ]
            samples.extend(filtered_samples)

        # If we have more than the target size, truncate the list
        samples = samples[:target_size]
        return th.tensor(samples)

    def sample(self, x1, sp_timesteps=None, shifted_mu=0):
        """Sampling x0 & t based on shape of x1 (if needed)
        Args:
          x1 - data point; [batch, *dim]
        """

        x0 = th.randn_like(x1)
        t0, t1 = self.check_interval(self.train_eps, self.sample_eps)
        if not self.use_lognorm:
            if self.partitial_train is not None and th.rand(1) < self.partial_ratio:
                t = (
                    th.rand((x1.shape[0],)) * (self.partitial_train[1] - self.partitial_train[0])
                    + self.partitial_train[0]
                )
            else:
                t = th.rand((x1.shape[0],)) * (t1 - t0) + t0
        else:
            # random < partial_ratio, then sample from the partial range
            if not self.shift_lg:
                if self.partitial_train is not None and th.rand(1) < self.partial_ratio:
                    t = self.sample_in_range(
                        0,
                        1,
                        x1.shape[0],
                        range_min=self.partitial_train[0],
                        range_max=self.partitial_train[1],
                    )
                else:
                    t = self.sample_logit_normal(0, 1, size=x1.shape[0]) * (t1 - t0) + t0
            else:
                assert (
                    self.partitial_train is None
                ), "Shifted lognormal distribution is not compatible with partial training"
                t = self.sample_logit_normal(shifted_mu, 1, size=x1.shape[0]) * (t1 - t0) + t0

        # overwrite t if sp_timesteps is provided (for validation)
        if sp_timesteps is not None:
            # uniform sampling between self.sp_timesteps[0] and self.sp_timesteps[1]
            t = th.rand((x1.shape[0],)) * (sp_timesteps[1] - sp_timesteps[0]) + sp_timesteps[0]

        t = t.to(x1)
        return t, x0, x1

    def training_losses(
        self,
        model,
        x1,
        model_kwargs=None,
        sp_timesteps=None,
        shifted_mu=0,
        return_model_output=False,
    ):
        """Loss for training the score model
        Args:
        - model: backbone model; could be score, noise, or velocity
        - x1: datapoint
        - model_kwargs: additional arguments for the model
        """
        if model_kwargs == None:
            model_kwargs = {}

        t, x0, x1 = self.sample(x1, sp_timesteps, shifted_mu)
        t, xt, ut = self.path_sampler.plan(t, x0, x1)
        raw_model_output = model(xt, t, **model_kwargs)
        if isinstance(raw_model_output, tuple):
            model_output = raw_model_output[0]
        else:
            model_output = raw_model_output
        B, *_, C = xt.shape
        # the channel dim is the one with least size
        channel_dim = min([i for i in range(1, len(xt.shape))], key=lambda x: xt.size(x))
        assert model_output.size() == (B, *xt.size()[1:-1], C)

        terms = {}
        terms["pred"] = model_output
        if self.model_type == ModelType.VELOCITY:
            terms["loss"] = mean_flat(((model_output - ut) ** 2))
            if self.use_cosine_loss:
                terms["cos_loss"] = mean_flat(
                    1 - th.nn.functional.cosine_similarity(model_output, ut, dim=channel_dim)
                )
        else:
            _, drift_var = self.path_sampler.compute_drift(xt, t)
            sigma_t, _ = self.path_sampler.compute_sigma_t(path.expand_t_like_x(t, xt))
            if self.loss_type in [WeightType.VELOCITY]:
                weight = (drift_var / sigma_t) ** 2
            elif self.loss_type in [WeightType.LIKELIHOOD]:
                weight = drift_var / (sigma_t**2)
            elif self.loss_type in [WeightType.NONE]:
                weight = 1
            else:
                raise NotImplementedError()

            if self.model_type == ModelType.NOISE:
                terms["loss"] = mean_flat(weight * ((model_output - x0) ** 2))
            else:
                terms["loss"] = mean_flat(weight * ((model_output * sigma_t + x0) ** 2))
        if return_model_output:
            return terms, raw_model_output
        return terms

    def get_drift(self):
        """member function for obtaining the drift of the probability flow ODE"""

        def score_ode(x, t, model, **model_kwargs):
            drift_mean, drift_var = self.path_sampler.compute_drift(x, t)
            model_output = model(x, t, **model_kwargs)
            return -drift_mean + drift_var * model_output  # by change of variable

        def noise_ode(x, t, model, **model_kwargs):
            drift_mean, drift_var = self.path_sampler.compute_drift(x, t)
            sigma_t, _ = self.path_sampler.compute_sigma_t(path.expand_t_like_x(t, x))
            model_output = model(x, t, **model_kwargs)
            score = model_output / -sigma_t
            return -drift_mean + drift_var * score

        def velocity_ode(x, t, model, **model_kwargs):
            model_output = model(x, t, **model_kwargs)
            return model_output

        if self.model_type == ModelType.NOISE:
            drift_fn = noise_ode
        elif self.model_type == ModelType.SCORE:
            drift_fn = score_ode
        else:
            drift_fn = velocity_ode

        def body_fn(x, t, model, **model_kwargs):
            model_output = drift_fn(x, t, model, **model_kwargs)
            assert model_output.shape == x.shape, "Output shape from ODE solver must match input shape"
            return model_output

        return body_fn

    def get_score(
        self,
    ):
        """member function for obtaining score of
        x_t = alpha_t * x + sigma_t * eps"""
        if self.model_type == ModelType.NOISE:
            score_fn = (
                lambda x, t, model, **kwargs: model(x, t, **kwargs)
                / -self.path_sampler.compute_sigma_t(path.expand_t_like_x(t, x))[0]
            )
        elif self.model_type == ModelType.SCORE:
            score_fn = lambda x, t, model, **kwagrs: model(x, t, **kwagrs)
        elif self.model_type == ModelType.VELOCITY:
            score_fn = lambda x, t, model, **kwargs: self.path_sampler.get_score_from_velocity(
                model(x, t, **kwargs), x, t
            )
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError()

        return score_fn


class Sampler:
    """Sampler class for the transport model"""

    def __init__(
        self,
        transport,
    ):
        """Constructor for a general sampler; supporting different sampling methods
        Args:
        - transport: an tranport object specify model prediction & interpolant type
        """

        self.transport = transport
        self.drift = self.transport.get_drift()
        self.score = self.transport.get_score()

    def __get_sde_diffusion_and_drift(
        self,
        *,
        diffusion_form="SBDM",
        diffusion_norm=1.0,
    ):
        def diffusion_fn(x, t):
            diffusion = self.transport.path_sampler.compute_diffusion(
                x, t, form=diffusion_form, norm=diffusion_norm
            )
            return diffusion

        sde_drift = lambda x, t, model, **kwargs: self.drift(x, t, model, **kwargs) + diffusion_fn(
            x, t
        ) * self.score(x, t, model, **kwargs)

        sde_diffusion = diffusion_fn

        return sde_drift, sde_diffusion

    def __get_last_step(
        self,
        sde_drift,
        *,
        last_step,
        last_step_size,
    ):
        """Get the last step function of the SDE solver"""

        if last_step is None:
            last_step_fn = lambda x, t, model, **model_kwargs: x
        elif last_step == "Mean":
            last_step_fn = (
                lambda x, t, model, **model_kwargs: x
                + sde_drift(x, t, model, **model_kwargs) * last_step_size
            )
        elif last_step == "Tweedie":
            alpha = (
                self.transport.path_sampler.compute_alpha_t
            )  # simple aliasing; the original name was too long
            sigma = self.transport.path_sampler.compute_sigma_t
            last_step_fn = lambda x, t, model, **model_kwargs: x / alpha(t)[0][0] + (
                sigma(t)[0][0] ** 2
            ) / alpha(t)[0][0] * self.score(x, t, model, **model_kwargs)
        elif last_step == "Euler":
            last_step_fn = (
                lambda x, t, model, **model_kwargs: x
                + self.drift(x, t, model, **model_kwargs) * last_step_size
            )
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError()

        return last_step_fn

    def sample_sde(
        self,
        *,
        sampling_method="Euler",
        diffusion_form="SBDM",
        diffusion_norm=1.0,
        last_step="Mean",
        last_step_size=0.04,
        num_steps=250,
    ):
        """returns a sampling function with given SDE settings
        Args:
        - sampling_method: type of sampler used in solving the SDE; default to be Euler-Maruyama
        - diffusion_form: function form of diffusion coefficient; default to be matching SBDM
        - diffusion_norm: function magnitude of diffusion coefficient; default to 1
        - last_step: type of the last step; default to identity
        - last_step_size: size of the last step; default to match the stride of 250 steps over [0,1]
        - num_steps: total integration step of SDE
        """

        if last_step is None:
            last_step_size = 0.0

        sde_drift, sde_diffusion = self.__get_sde_diffusion_and_drift(
            diffusion_form=diffusion_form,
            diffusion_norm=diffusion_norm,
        )

        t0, t1 = self.transport.check_interval(
            self.transport.train_eps,
            self.transport.sample_eps,
            diffusion_form=diffusion_form,
            sde=True,
            eval=True,
            reverse=False,
            last_step_size=last_step_size,
        )

        _sde = sde(
            sde_drift,
            sde_diffusion,
            t0=t0,
            t1=t1,
            num_steps=num_steps,
            sampler_type=sampling_method,
        )

        last_step_fn = self.__get_last_step(sde_drift, last_step=last_step, last_step_size=last_step_size)

        def _sample(init, model, **model_kwargs):
            xs = _sde.sample(init, model, **model_kwargs)
            ts = th.ones(init.size(0), device=init.device) * t1
            x = last_step_fn(xs[-1], ts, model, **model_kwargs)
            xs.append(x)

            assert len(xs) == num_steps, "Samples does not match the number of steps"

            return xs

        return _sample

    def sample_ode(
        self,
        *,
        sampling_method="dopri5",
        num_steps=50,
        atol=1e-6,
        rtol=1e-3,
        reverse=False,
        timestep_shift=0.0,
    ):
        """returns a sampling function with given ODE settings
        Args:
        - sampling_method: type of sampler used in solving the ODE; default to be Dopri5
        - num_steps:
            - fixed solver (Euler, Heun): the actual number of integration steps performed
            - adaptive solver (Dopri5): the number of datapoints saved during integration; produced by interpolation
        - atol: absolute error tolerance for the solver
        - rtol: relative error tolerance for the solver
        - reverse: whether solving the ODE in reverse (data to noise); default to False
        """
        if reverse:
            drift = lambda x, t, model, **kwargs: self.drift(x, th.ones_like(t) * (1 - t), model, **kwargs)
        else:
            drift = self.drift

        t0, t1 = self.transport.check_interval(
            self.transport.train_eps,
            self.transport.sample_eps,
            sde=False,
            eval=True,
            reverse=reverse,
            last_step_size=0.0,
        )

        _ode = ode(
            drift=drift,
            t0=t0,
            t1=t1,
            sampler_type=sampling_method,
            num_steps=num_steps,
            atol=atol,
            rtol=rtol,
            timestep_shift=timestep_shift,
        )

        return _ode.sample

    def sample_ode_likelihood(
        self,
        *,
        sampling_method="dopri5",
        num_steps=50,
        atol=1e-6,
        rtol=1e-3,
    ):
        """returns a sampling function for calculating likelihood with given ODE settings
        Args:
        - sampling_method: type of sampler used in solving the ODE; default to be Dopri5
        - num_steps:
            - fixed solver (Euler, Heun): the actual number of integration steps performed
            - adaptive solver (Dopri5): the number of datapoints saved during integration; produced by interpolation
        - atol: absolute error tolerance for the solver
        - rtol: relative error tolerance for the solver
        """

        def _likelihood_drift(x, t, model, **model_kwargs):
            x, _ = x
            eps = th.randint(2, x.size(), dtype=th.float, device=x.device) * 2 - 1
            t = th.ones_like(t) * (1 - t)
            with th.enable_grad():
                x.requires_grad = True
                grad = th.autograd.grad(th.sum(self.drift(x, t, model, **model_kwargs) * eps), x)[0]
                logp_grad = th.sum(grad * eps, dim=tuple(range(1, len(x.size()))))
                drift = self.drift(x, t, model, **model_kwargs)
            return (-drift, logp_grad)

        t0, t1 = self.transport.check_interval(
            self.transport.train_eps,
            self.transport.sample_eps,
            sde=False,
            eval=True,
            reverse=False,
            last_step_size=0.0,
        )

        _ode = ode(
            drift=_likelihood_drift,
            t0=t0,
            t1=t1,
            sampler_type=sampling_method,
            num_steps=num_steps,
            atol=atol,
            rtol=rtol,
        )

        def _sample_fn(x, model, **model_kwargs):
            init_logp = th.zeros(x.size(0)).to(x)
            input = (x, init_logp)
            drift, delta_logp = _ode.sample(input, model, **model_kwargs)
            drift, delta_logp = drift[-1], delta_logp[-1]
            prior_logp = self.transport.prior_logp(drift)
            logp = prior_logp - delta_logp
            return logp, drift

        return _sample_fn
