# 3D-aware Disentangled Representation
for Compositional Reinforcement Learning

Anonymous authors
Under reveiw as a conference paper at ICLR2026
Submission number: 16912

## Abstract

Vision-based reinforcement learning can benefit from object-centric scene representation, which factorizes the visual observation into individual objects and their attributes, such as color, shape, size, and position. While such object-centric representations can extract components that generalize well for various multi-object manipulation tasks, they are prone to issues with occlusions and 3D ambiguity of object properties due to their reliance on single-view 2D image features. Furthermore, the entanglement between object configurations and camera poses complicates the object-centric disentanglement in 3D, leading to poor 3D reasoning by the agent in vision-based reinforcement learning applications.
To address the lack of 3D awareness and the object-camera entanglement problem, we propose an enhanced 3D object-centric representation that utilizes multi-view 3D features and enforces more explicit 3D-aware disentanglement. The enhancement is based on the integration of the recent success of multi-view Transformer and the shared concept memory among the object-centric representations. The representation, therefore, can stably identify and track 3D trajectories of individual objects along with their semantic and physical properties, exhibiting excellent interpretability and controllability. Then, our proposed block transformer policy effectively performs novel tasks by assembling desired properties adaptive to the new goal states. We demonstrate that our 3D-aware block representation is scalable to compose diverse novel scenes and enjoys superior performance in out-of-distribution tasks with multi-object manipulations compared to existing methods.

## Method

We propose a structured 3D object representation method that learns disentangled object attributes (e.g., shape, color, size) using a novel mechanism called the 3D block-slot attention mechanism. Built on top of OSRT, this method enhances interpretability and disentanglement by assigning dedicated slots for the background and agent. The resulting representation captures compositional semantics critical for downstream tasks like robotic manipulation.

To leverage the structured representation, we introduce a block transformer policy for goal-conditioned RL. It matches objects in current and goal states based on attributes and performs block-wise cross-attention to reason over their differences. Combined with agent features and actions, a self-attention module aggregates information for action prediction. This approach enables learning a robust and generalizable policy that succeeds across diverse generalization scenarios, including compositional and out-of-distribution environments.

## Results: Novel View Synthesis

Ours
OSRT
Ours
OSRT

## Results: Block manipulation and Novel View Synthesis

blah

Color swapping
Size swapping
Shape swapping
Position swapping

## Results: Generalization in Reinforcement Learning.

In-distribution

Goal image

Success episode

Out-of-distribution

Goal image

Success episode

Compositional generalization

Goal image

Success episode

Compositional generalization
(same color)

Goal image

Success episode

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