ROGA: Scaling Generalist Agents for Office Productivity Tasks via Tool Generation

Mugeng Liu, Xiaojun Ma, Yuhang Xie, Qin Chen, Xuanzhe Liu, Yun Ma

International Conference on Learning Representations 2026 (ICLR 2026) Conference

Automatic tool generation (ATG) has emerged as a key approach to enable the automatic adaptation across diverse tasks within a single generalist agent. Despite their potential, we argue that current ATG agents, often built on reactive paradigms, fail to effectively adapt to realistic environments requiring long-term reasoning and stateful interaction, particularly in office ecosystems. We empirically show that current ATG agents underperform by up to 27.43%. This performance degradation stems from three fundamental limitations of prevailing agent paradigms: (1) a failure to build a coherent world model from long, partially observable contexts; (2) a memory-less execution model where stateless actions fail to track state evolution during iterative tasks; and (3) a static capability generation model focusing on one-shot tool generation for immediate needs, thereby forcing redundant regeneration for similar steps. To address these fundamental limitations, we propose ROGA, which instantiates a new agent paradigm for long-horizon, stateful environments. ROGA moves beyond simple reactive loops by introducing four foundational algorithmic innovations: (1) Active World Modeling, an iterative process where the agent actively probes the environment to construct its own world model; (2) a Persistent Symbolic Memory that explicitly tracks the state evolution for temporal reasoning; and (3) a Dynamic Capability Evolution model for long-term adaptation and meta-learning on the agent's own capabilities. Comprehensive experiments on widely used benchmarks show that ROGA consistently outperforms existing ATG agents by up to 13.64%. These results underscore ROGA's potential to advance the ATG paradigm, delivering a practical pathway toward building sustainable generalist agents in realistic environments.