WebSailor-V2: Bridging the Chasm to Proprietary Agents via Synthetic Data and Scalable Reinforcement Learning

Kuan Li, Zhongwang Zhang, Huifeng Yin, Rui Ye, Yida Zhao, Liwen Zhang, Litu Ou, Ding-Chu Zhang, Xixi Wu, Xinmiao Yu, Jialong Wu, Xinyu Wang, Zile Qiao, Zhen Zhang, Yong Jiang, Pengjun Xie, Fei Huang, Zhiqin Xu, Shuai Wang, Minhao Cheng, Jingren Zhou

International Conference on Learning Representations 2026 (ICLR 2026) Conference

To significantly advance the capabilities of open-source web agents, we present WebSailor-V2, a complete post-training pipeline encompassing data construction, Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), and Reinforcement Learning (RL). Our methodology features two key innovations: (1) On the data front, we developed SailorFog-QA-2, a novel dataset built from a densely interconnected knowledge graph that introduces a wide variety of uncertainties beyond simple obfuscation, fostering more sophisticated reasoning. (2) For training, we engineered a dual-environment RL framework, combining a high-fidelity simulator for rapid, low-cost algorithmic iteration with a robust, managed real-world environment for stable final policy training, all integrated within a symbiotic data-policy feedback loop. Trained on the Qwen3-30B-A3B model, WebSailor-V2 achieves state-of-the-art results, scoring 35.3 on BrowseComp-EN, 44.1 on BrowseComp-ZH, and 30.6 on Humanity's Last Exam (HLE). Notably, our 30B-A3B MOE agent significantly outperforms all existing open-source agents and surpasses even the 671B DeepSeek-V3.1, demonstrating performance competitive with leading proprietary systems.